Reinforced-concrete piling



C. E. NAGEL. REINFORCED CONCRETE FILING.

APPLICATION F1150 D'Ec.1o. 1911 1,340,397, Patented .May 18, 1920,

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C. E. NAGEL.

REINFORCED CONCRETE FILING.

APPLICATION man DEC. 10, 1911.

1,340,397, Patented May 18, ,1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

CARL E. NAGEL, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.

REINFORCED-CONCRETE FILING.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented )lay 18 1920.

Application filed Decgmber l1Q, 1917. Serial No. 206,454.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, CARL E. NAGEL, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Paul, in theecounty of Ramsey and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reinforced-Con crete Piling, of which the following is a specification.

'My invention relates to reinforced concrete piling and the methodof forming the same and has for its object to provide pile members constructed of reinforced concrete which shall be of light weight and so fabricated that such members can bek drivenin association so as to provide a composite'pile of large size and any depth of bearing desired, or to provide forms ofabutments and retaining` walls for bridge heads or culverts involving small stream crossings.

In carrying out my invention I provide pile members of such cross-sectional .area that a desired number in combinationmay form a' more extended pile member of crosssection substantially circular, and further that the sections may be driven and united during` driving to'provide piling of any desired length, while the sections themselves are sufficiently short to be of comparatively light weight. Sections can be fabricated at some central depot and shipped ready for driving, and are suiiiciently small so that they may be readily handled with ordinary loading apparatus. The several sections are driven separately and therefore a light driving apparatus such as small road-making organizations possess ,is suflicient to drive the sections. Yet` when the completed pile is driven it will be of very massive and powerful construction and have as great a bearing as may be desired. y

It is a further object of my invention to provide a novel form `of assembling the pile member sections to producecompleted piles of large cross section andextent as above outlined. Other objects of my inventin consist in the provision of bridge supports and abutnients of novel and meritorious con-- struction.

The' full objects and advantages of my invention will appear in connection with the detailed description thereof and are particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, illustrating an applicavtion of my invention in one form- Figure l is a side elevation with some parts in section of a single pile member. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the manner in which pile member sections are assembled. Fig. 3 is a transverse section of one of the pile members. Fig. 4 is a sectional view on line I 'f of Fig. 1.. Fig. 5 is a side elevation view partly in longitudinal section of the device for assembling and driving the piling. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on line 6 6 of liig. 5'. Fig. 7 is a sectional view on line 7 7 of Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is an elevation view.with some parts broken away showing complete composite piles in position and the manner in which cross beams are cast upon the same to form bridge bents. Fig. 9 is a sectional view on line 9 9 of Fig. 8. Fig. I() is a side view of a portion of a bridge in position upon pile bents such as shown in' Fig. 8. Fig. ll is a top plan vieu7 showing the manner of assembling pile members vtoform an abutment. Fig. 12 is a .part sectional elevation view taken on' line 1.2 12 of Fig. 1l., Fig. 13 is a part fragmentary end elevation of an abutment bridge head. Fig. 14 is a sectional View on line M l of Fig. 13. Fig. l5 is a sectional elevation through one of the piles as shown in Fig. 13. Fig. l@ is an enlarged sectional.

view taken on line l6 16 of Fig. 13 showing how displacement of the piles in driving an abutment head-is compensated so that notwithstanding displacement the pile mem-v bers cooperate and form a closed head. Figs. 17 and 18 are sectionaljelevation and plan of a small bridge or culvert supported upon an end wall abutment resting on a pile member tier constructed from pile sections in accordance with my invention.

As, shown in Figs. l and 3, I provide pile members 2() which are substantially triangular in cross-section, preferably being `formed with a front wall 2l, side walls 22 and a very short inner apex wall 23. Cast within the pile member 2() are a series of steel reinforcing rods, there preferably being three of said rods 24, 25 and 26, the rod 24 being adjacent the apex angle or side of the pile member and the other rods provided with a slanting' wall 30 which extends obliquely from the 4front wall 21- to the apex wall 23 of the section and whichv is preferably dishe'd or spooned out, as indicated -at 31 in Figs. 1 and 4. A driving point is thus formed at the junctionof the wall 23 with the slopingwall 30 which is strongly reinforced by the massed metal at 28, 29. The sloping shovel-like side of this driving point 4tends continually to' force the pile member inwardly for a purposewhich will later bedescribed.

Normally the rods 24, 25 and.26 are projected beyond the lower end 32 of'a pile member as indicated at 33 in Fig. 2 and the rods `24, -25 and^26 do not reachthe seated 'inpipes or socket -members 35,

which thus provide apertures 36 inv a1ine" ment with the rods 24,25 and 26. The projecting portions 33 of these rods enter the apertures 36, there preferably being 'a washer 37 of some shock-absorbing'material positionedbetween the ends 32 and 34 of the pile sections and through which the rod projections 33 extend, this washer being to prevent shattering of adjacent sections during driving. i'

One special use of my pilemembers is to provide large heavy piles out of anas sem blage of the. pile member sections for form- Ving bents or bridge supports for extended or heavy bridges, and the method of fabricating and driving such piles from my sectional members constitutes one of the features of my invention. In general the pile membersr 20 are comprised of such cross-sectional area that a given number of them may be assembled' with adjacent walls in contact and thereby produce a pile member substantially cylindrical -in form or one having a cross-sectional outline of an equilateral polygon. 'In the form shown eight of the members driven with adjacent walls incontact will coperate to. form an eight-sided pile. The method of driving such a piling consists in providing a central member 40, such .as apipe, supporting in surrounding relation to said pipe a framing 41 in which the inside cross-sec'ion is a polygon similar to that of the pile to be completed, and

subsequently driving in the proper order various pile members about the central member and within the framing until the composite pile is fully completed; andthen withdrawing the central member and `filling the saine with concrete as it is withdrawn. In practice the central member 40 'consists of a four-inch pipe which is driven in advance, water being forced through the pipe to open the way in advance of the pipe and keep it i free from dirt and stones and permit accurate vertical positioning of the pipe to the l desired depth. The framing 41 may be composednof steel, wood or anysuitable material and is supported at its lower end upon the ground where the piles are to be driven, and v'at-'its sides by encircling frame members f-43.,- 44 and 45.

at 48 in Figs. 5 and 8. The oblique points are, however, best adapted'to most soils as they cause the pile to cling to the central pipe 40 and in effect shovel the earth away from vsaid centralmember. Where conical points are employed it would be preferable for the first four pile sections, driven at alternately` separated positions, to be followed by the driving of piles with oblique points driven in between those having conical points, all as indicated in Fig. 8. The .framing 41 is of such length as to hold one com lete set of sections, whichA as indicated in ig. 7 are in position within the framing before any driving is done, and which when so positioned operate to guide the central pip'e 40 asthe same is driven. A follower 49 formed of steel orother suitable vmaterial is provided at its lower end with a .the pile vsections 20.724Yhasp 52 is securedhto the follower 49 and 'has a portion 53 which encircles the central pipe 40, thereby holding the follower in alinement with the vcentral pipe as the same is driven down after one of the sections. 'In place of attaching the hasp l52 to the' follower' and having it slide upon the pipe,'such a hasp may be, if desired, secured in rotative position to the central pipe and the driving follower may slidev within the hasp. ln practice the point sections are irst driven through the framing 41 in the order indicated in Fig. 7 by-the letters a, I), c and d, and then w, yandz.

That is, in each'instance the sections are successively driven at diametrically opposite positions from that ofthe section which has just beenv driven. This further insures that eachl section as it is driven is supported during the major portion of the driving period by adjacent sections. That is, sections a, b, c and l as they are driven are laterally supported by adjacent sections within the framing, while the setions' 1c, 1/ and z are laterally supported by adjacent sections below the framing and in the ground. constrained to move in proper vertical flirection and in proper 1'elation to one another into their final position. Vhen one set ofl sectionsl has through operation of The various sections are thus iis the follower been driven down to the limit of drive within the boxing 41, another set of sections is assembled upon the first set by introducing the extended portions 33 of the rods 24, and 26 at the lower ends.

Y to, thus insuring that at all times each pile member as it is driven is laterally supported for a major portion of its driving `distance b v adjacent pile members. The upper section being driven is also supported on its outside face by the framing box 41` and all of the sections are supported on their inside faces by the pipe 4() against which they may be caused. to tend to move by reason of the sloping shovel point at the end of the noint section.

After all of the sectional members have `been driven v,down to a lsuitable bearing point, and, as illustrated in Fig. 8, it is best to have a part of the members extended somewhat lower than another part .so as to break joints, the pipe 40 which has been sunk bv fiowing water through the sameis gradually withdrawn and grout or soft concrete is driven through it as it is withdrawn, filling up the opening thus leftwith a core 59 of concrete which serves as a means of cementing' or unitingtogether the various Dile members so that the composite pile will be integrated and act as a unitary structure.

The result of this operation is a completed pile G0, best shown in Figs. 8 and 10, which is of large size and having a high degree of bearing pressure which is secured by a comparatively small driving device, since the individual pile members are of course of comparatively small section and therefore may be driven to a high bearing resistance by a small driver. vIn practice the portion of the piles 60 which is above water and ground level, and in fact which vextends a short distance below such level, is covered with ai wire mesh iis indicated at-61 in Fig. 8`- and cement plastered upon it to make a' smooth united surface, which with the core 59 has the effect of completely uniting 'the pile mem bers. A portion of some only of the pile members, -as indicated in dotted lines at 62, extends above the top of the others, and concrete beams 63- are cast upon the ends of'jthe piles so as to embrace such eX- tendedlmembers. n this manner a pair of piles 60 with the concrete 64 surrounding them and a connecting beam 63 constitutes a bridge bent upon sets of which the bridge slab. 65 is directly supported.

'A bridge -so constructed may be made of any weight or height for `practical highway purposes and will be in all respects strongand enduring.

My sectional piley members may'also advantageously be used to produce a continuous pile wall bearing `for abutments, bridges of short span and similar purposes, as indicated in Figs 11 to 18 inclusive. In setting such piles a framing is provided consisting of sets of beams and 71 spaced apart a distance sufiicient to receive a single pile member between them and a second set of beams 72 and 73 similarly spaced, all being held by wooden pile members and braces 74, 75, 76. The

pile members 20 are positioned in a row as indicated in Fig. 11 and the follower 49 is operated in alternation upon said pile members to drive them intothe ground a distance sufficient to secure a desired dev gree of bearing resistance, succeeding sections being positioned as the piles are driven, so that at all times a. pile being driven will have lateral support from other piles throughout a major portion of its length and will have front and back support from the frame members 70, 71 and 72, 73. If during the driving` any of the pile members become displaced, as indicated in Fig.` 16, the intervening members will tend to .take positions in engagement withthe adjacent members. For instance,t if members designated as 75, 76 and 77 1n y Fig. 16 are driven so that members 75 and 76 become spaced a little too far and 76 and 77 become spaced a little too close, a member 78 may-have its tapered portion projected beyond the rear line ofv members 75, 76, 77 and a member 79 may correspondingly project atvits forward portion so that the sides of all' of the members will still remain in contact, the intervening members such as 78, 79 being provided with inwardly-sloping shovel points.

A series of pile members driven as indicated may form supporting and wing abutments 80, 81 upon which a retaining wall 82, 83 may be constructed for directly supporting the bridge slab 84, or the piles may extend upwardly as indicated at 85 in Fig. 17 so as themselves to form the retaining wall and directly support a series of slabs 86. Such a small bridge or culvert has many advantages in that if it is desired at any time to lower the water line under the bridge, which is sometimes required by ditching or other changes in the drainage system of a given region, this can be done without in any respect inter`- fering with the design or efficiency of the have been quite fully pointed out in the detailed description thereof. It will be clear, however, that the pile member units herein described may be fabricated at acentral factory and will not individually be difiicult to-ship and handle, requiring no heavy hoisting mechanism, nor` heavy driving mechanism for setting, such as has greatly limited the general use of concrete piling asv heretofore designed. It is a fact thatfthe majority of highway'bridges are constructed. by county or township organizations 4which do not have availablethe heavy type of machinery necessary for the handling and setting of concrete piles. At the sameV time the desirability of concrete pile support-for all forms of road bridges is universally conceded. In the practice of my invention it is possible for county and township organizations to set concrete piling of large cross-section,- and to any desired point of bearing resistance, withthe use of such lighthoisting and drivingma- I chineryas is ordinarily in the possession of or available for theA use of such 'organr zations. An additional very great advantage of my -composite pile and method of setting the same resides in the fact that the two pile members in line with a bridge bent such as members d and c or a; and b of Fig. 7 may be extended above the tops longitudinal sections each consisting of a.

`of the other members and a narrow, deep beam directly cast vto include these eXtensions', which act to resist any twisting o r tipping stresses upon such a beam. In this way the beam does not need to be any..

thicker than the diameter of the pile, which gives not only an effective constructionfor supporting the necessary load, but one which isexceedingly neat in appearance.

' I` claim:

l. A pile member comprising a concrete shaft of generally `triangular cross-section, reinforcing rods extending longitudinally through said member adjacent the angular limits thereof, said pile being provided with a point by having'its end formed slanting from one sideof the member toward an angle thereof and said reinforcing rods ex-l tending into and being jacent said point.

2. A pile comprlsing a multiplicity of joined together adpluralityA of members held in longitudinal alinement and a central core united'with all of said members.

3. A composite pile comprising a mul tiplicity of longitudinal pile sections having adjacent contacting faces and forming together a pile member of substantially cirlarl cross section, each of said longitudinal sections consisting of a plurality of reinforced concrete members extendlng 1n al1nement united at their adjacent ends, and a central core of concrete uniting all of said sections. 5. The process of forming composite piles which consists in assembling a multiplicity of pile sections with adjacent walls in contact, said sections being of such shape-as to produce a complete pile member of the desired outline, holdingthe noncontacting faces of said members, and driving the mem bers separately and in alternation so that each member is supported by adjacent pilemembers during the major part of its movement in being driven'. n

6. The process of forming composite piles which consists in assembling a multiplicity of pile sections":with adjacent wallsin contact, said sections being of such shape as to produce a complete pile member of the desired outline, holding the noncontacting faces of saidv members, driving the members separately and in alternation so that each member is supported by adjacent pile members 'during the major part of its movement in being driven, assembling additional sets vof pile sections upon the ends of those already driven, and driving 'said new sets of sections in the same manner as the precedingsections were driven.

. The process of formlng extended -composite piles which consists in introducing a hollow member to a depth in the ground to which it is desired that the pile shall extend, assembling a multiplicity of pile sections about and in contact with said hollow member, said pile sections being ofsuch shape that when so assembled their adjacent walls will contact and f orm a pile of the desired circumferential outline, driving the pile sections separately, adding other sets of pile sections and vdriving them separately in the same manner, continuing such operation un# til all of the composite sections have reached a depth for securing a desired degree, of

'pressure bearing, withdrawing the hollow member, and filling the opening left by the hollow member with grout 'or concrete to form a uniting core for the composite ile.

In testimony whereof I hereunto a 'X my signature.

CARL E. NAGEL.. 

